Which term describes a functional adaptation where withdrawal symptoms occur if the drug is abruptly stopped?

Which term describes a functional adaptation where withdrawal symptoms occur if the drug is abruptly stopped?

• A. Intoxication
• B. Physical dependence
• C. Dependence
• D. Psychological dependence

Answer: (B)

Withdrawal symptoms after stopping a drug reflect physical dependence, a physiological adaptation of the body to the substance. Over time the body adjusts to the drug’s presence, creating changes in the nervous system that keep functioning around the drug. When use stops, these adaptations produce withdrawal symptoms as the body tries to reestablish its baseline. Intoxication describes the drug’s immediate effects while it’s in the system, not the response to stopping. Psychological dependence involves mental cravings and emotional urges to use, which can occur with or without physical withdrawal. General dependence can refer to reliance on a substance, but the specific feature described—withdrawal upon abrupt cessation—points to physical dependence.

Withdrawal symptoms after stopping a drug reflect physical dependence, a physiological adaptation of the body to the substance. Over time the body adjusts to the drug’s presence, creating changes in the nervous system that keep functioning around the drug. When use stops, these adaptations produce withdrawal symptoms as the body tries to reestablish its baseline. Intoxication describes the drug’s immediate effects while it’s in the system, not the response to stopping. Psychological dependence involves mental cravings and emotional urges to use, which can occur with or without physical withdrawal. General dependence can refer to reliance on a substance, but the specific feature described—withdrawal upon abrupt cessation—points to physical dependence.